The article which is called
Attempting the Impossible: why does western cinema whitewash Asian stories was published in THE GARDIAN. The author told us that The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 killed at least 227,898 people. Around a third of these were children. The economy of coastal south-east Asia was devastated, with the loss in some places of two thirds of the boats on which fisherfolk depended. The environment was irreversibly defiled.
Since many of the bodies were never found, psychological trauma was
compounded by the tradition in many of the areas affected that the dead
must always be buried by a family member.
Scope here for drama you might have thought. Yet The Impossible, like Clint Eastwood's Hereafter
before it, concentrates not on the plight of the indigenous victims but
on the less harrowing experiences of privileged white visitors. The
film's winsomely western family, headed by Naomi Watts and Ewan McGregor, experience little more than separation anxiety and survivable injury before jetting safely homewards.
This scenario has provoked outrage, not least on this site. The New York Times found the film "less an examination of mass destruction than the tale of a spoiled holiday". Still, the indicted parties have alibis to hand.
According to Watts,
"Fifty per cent of the people that died in Thailand were tourists."
Good try, but perhaps a little disingenuous. Holiday paradise Thailand,
with its 5,400 deaths,
was actually at the margins of the tragedy. Indonesia alone suffered
130,700 deaths, largely of low-income Acehnese people; the figure for
the UK, whence The Impossible's family appears to hail, is 149.
McGregor has filed a different defence.
"Naomi's character is saved by a Thai man, and taken to safety in a
Thai village where the Thai women dress her. In the hospital they're
all Thai nurses and Thai doctors – you see nothing but Thai people
saving lives and helping. Does this make matters worse? Those who are
protesting don't want to see non-whites patronised with background roles
as saintly ciphers; they want them to play mainstream parts as
three-dimensional protagonists in what is, after all, their story.
As it happens, The Impossible's director, Juan Antonio Bayona, was inspired by the tale of a real-life family. However, this family was Spanish, not British. So, it seems, even Catalan people like the woman Watts actually plays aren't considered mainstream enough, even for what is a wholly European film.
Still,
few who have spent much time in cinemas will be surprised. Ever since
the medium emerged into an era of cheery racism, the movies have
appeared to like their heroes to be white. In 1915, The Birth of a Nation
celebrated America's reconstruction after the Civil War with
African-Americans played by white actors in blackface, together with a
sympathetic attitude to the Ku Klux Klan.
Now, of course, social
attitudes have changed, and most of the time film-makers inhabit the
vanguard of the progressive class. Yet white saviours continue to pop up
in films such as Dances with Wolves, The Blind Side, Avatar
and The Help. You can't imagine an Oscar-winner like The Hurt Locker
promoting Iraqi rather than American derring-do. Even children's
animations and, more weirdly, fantasy require Caucasians in their primary roles.
Producers
have justified this approach with the claim that audiences won't
tolerate non-white characters or actors in dominant roles. Is this just a
cowardly failure on their part to recognise the maturity of
contemporary filmgoers? Apparently not. Last year an Indiana University study
confronted 68 white college students with a variety of synopses
accompanied by casts of varying ethnicity. "The higher the percentage of
black actors in the movie, the less interested white participants
were in seeing the movie," said the report. "Importantly, this effect
occurred regardless of participants' racial attitudes or actors'
relative celebrity."
The success of Will Smith, Morgan Freeman,
Eddie Murphy, Denzel Washington and Halle Berry shouldn't be
exaggerated. A few genuinely mixed-race movies, such as the Fast & Furious franchise, have broken through. Yet in 2010, non-white actors took leading roles in only two of America's 30 top-grossing films. Studios remain convinced that the audiences of middle America just won't identify with non-white characters.
So
far, so familiar. Yet since that approach was forged, the movie
business has been transformed. Once, Hollywood made films for the home
market and regarded any overseas earnings as a bonus. That's no longer
the case: big films are now global products earning most of their money
outside the US. The prejudices of middle America (whose own makeup is changing fast) are no longer overwhelmingly important, and the suits know it. .
So, studios are falling over themselves to reorient their activities. There's a scramble to co-produce with the Chinese. A major children's movie, such as Rio,
gets to be set in Brazil. Yet here's a puzzle. The great wide world at
which films such as The Impossible are now aimed is only 17% white.
Nonetheless, the predominance of white characters among their
protagonists seems hardly to have fallen.
The title of Captain America: The First Avenger
was changed in some territories in deference to local sensibilities,
but the captain himself was allowed to fight on, along with his equally
white super-hero colleagues, British agent James Bond, Twilight's
milky-skinned vampires, the little-Englander Hobbit and the rest.
Those
who object to films such as The Impossible sometimes speak as if they
suspect a plot by western film-makers to re-colonise the world through
cultural imperialism. In fact, in movie circles, it's money, not
ideological ambition, that talks. The plain fact is that much of the
world seems to have no objection to the chalky faces of the screen
heroes with which it's presented.
Captain America earned more overseas than it did in the captain's homeland. Now Les Misérables has opened with impressive figures in Japan, The Hobbit is doing well in Mexico and Brazil, while Skyfall
has pulled in $16m in South Korea. Meanwhile, Bollywood may make more
films than Hollywood, but it shows no sign of gaining global traction.
China may be pouring money into its film industry, yet it's doing no
better beyond its borders. Instead, both India and China are hiring more
and more western actors.
Not until this picture changes do white people look likely to vacate their throne on the silver screen.
As for me I saw this film. It is horrible because you can feel all horror of people who was there. Also it is hard for watching too. To my mind the author think
negative about this movie.